Capability Management in Digital Enterprises

Preface

Contents

Abbreviations

Chapter 1: Capability Thinking

1 Introduction

2 Business Environment of Digital Enterprises

2.1 Need for Agility and Flexibility in Enterprises

2.2 Digital Enterprises

3 Challenges in Digital Enterprises

3.1 Stakeholder Groups with Different Priorities

3.2 Integration of Business and IT Development

3.3 Context Dependency and Variation of Services

3.4 Connection of Design and Runtime

4 Capability Thinking and Capability Management

4.1 Capability Thinking as Organizational Mindset

4.2 Key Aspects of Capability Thinking

4.3 Capability Management

4.4 Capability-Driven Development (CDD)

4.5 Principles of CDD Method Development

5 Structure of the Book

References

Part I: Background to Capability Management

Chapter 2: The Notion of Capability in Literature

1 Introduction

2 General Characteristics of Capabilities

3 Capability Types and Dynamic Capabilities

4 Capabilities in Business and IT Alignment

5 Outlook: Selected Open Issues

References

Chapter 3: Capability Consideration in Business and Enterprise Architecture Frameworks

1 Introduction

2 Background to Approaches Using Capability

3 Business Architecture, OMG

3.1 Overview

3.2 Consideration of Capability

4 Enterprise Architecture, The Open Group

4.1 Overview

4.2 Consideration of Capability

5 Military Enterprise Architecture Frameworks: NAF, MODAF, and DoDAF

5.1 Overview

5.2 Consideration of Capability in the NATO Architecture Framework

6 Service-Oriented Architecture, OASIS

6.1 Overview

6.2 Consideration of Capability

7 Conclusions

References

Part II: Capability-Driven Development Methodology

Chapter 4: Overview of Capability-Driven Development Methodology

1 Introduction

2 Conceptual Foundations of the CDD Methodology

2.1 Capability Modeling Concepts

2.2 Modeling Language for CDD

2.3 Development Layers

3 Methodology Overview

3.1 Main Principles

3.2 Capability Life Cycle

3.3 Capability Design Process

3.4 Capability Delivery at Runtime

3.5 Component-Based Approach

3.6 CDD Environment

4 Illustrative Example

4.1 Design Cycle

4.2 Capability Delivery

4.2.1 Single Trip Support

4.2.2 Organizational Support

4.3 Feedback Cycle

5 Concluding Remarks

Appendix: Travel Management Capability Design

References

Chapter 5: Enterprise Modelling: Establishing the Fundament for Capability Management

1 Enterprise Modelling as Basis for Capability Management

2 Enterprise Modelling and Its Perspectives

3 Enterprise Modelling Process

4 Overview of Enterprise Modelling Methods

5 For Enterprise Modelling: 4EM

6 Summary

References

Chapter 6: Capability Design with CDD

1 Introduction

2 Background to Capability Design

3 Overview of Modeling Strategies

3.1 General Phases

3.2 Key Concepts

3.3 Introduction to Modeling Strategies

4 Goal-First Capability Design Strategy

5 Process-First Capability Design Strategy

6 Concept-First Capability Design

7 Effects of Choosing Modeling Strategies

8 Conclusions

References

Chapter 7: Context Modelling in Capability Management

1 Introduction: Role of the Context Modelling Method Component in CDD Methodology

2 State of the Art in Context Modelling Methods

3 Overview of the Procedures of the Context Modelling Method Component

4 Roles Involved in Context Modelling

5 Concepts, Notation, and Tools for Context Modelling

5.1 Important Concepts

5.2 Notation

5.3 Tools

6 Method Component: Capture Context Element

7 Method Component: Design Context Set

8 Method Component: Prepare for Operational Use

9 Summary

References

Chapter 8: Adjustment of Capabilities: How to Add Dynamics

1 Introduction

2 Foundations

2.1 Execution View

2.2 Types of Adjustments

3 Elaboration of Adjustments

3.1 Design-Time Specification

3.2 Run-Time Processing

4 Case

4.1 Case Description

4.2 Capability Model

4.3 Route Optimization Adjustment

4.4 KPI Adjustment

4.5 Adjustment Results

5 Related Work

6 Conclusions

References

Chapter 9: The CDD Environment Architecture

1 Introduction

2 Architecture Overview

3 CDT: Capability Design Tool

3.1 Main Features

3.1.1 Example Feature: Adjustment Modelling

3.2 Core Technologies and Deployment

3.3 Integration with Other CDD Tools

4 CNA: Capability Navigation Application

4.1 Main Features

4.1.1 Example Feature: Indicator Dashboard

4.2 Core Technologies and Deployment

4.3 Integration with Other CDD Tools

5 CCP: Capability Context Platform

5.1 Main Features

5.1.1 Example Feature: Configuring a Provider

5.2 Core Technologies and Deployment

5.3 Integration with Other CDD Tools

6 CPR: Capability Pattern Repository

6.1 Main Features

6.1.1 Example Feature: Structured Patterns

6.2 Core Technologies and Deployment

6.3 Integration with Other CDD Tools

7 Conclusions

References

Chapter 10: Capability Management in the Cloud

1 Introduction

2 Management Model

3 Cloud-Based Deployment

4 Pattern Repository

5 Scalability Capability

6 Conclusion

References

Chapter 11: Context Processing for Adaptive Capability Delivery

1 Introduction

2 Context Life-Cycle Management

2.1 Types of Context

2.2 Life-Cycle Management Activities

2.3 General Context Management Architecture

3 Capability Context Platform

3.1 Context Processing Pipeline

3.2 Technical Solution

4 Context Processing Execution

4.1 Context Acquisition

4.2 Adaptive Context Reasoning

4.2.1 Sample Application

4.2.2 Context Calculation

4.2.3 Run-Time Adjustment

4.2.4 Execution

5 Conclusion

References

Chapter 12: Organizational Adoption of Capability Management

1 Introduction

2 The Process of Decision-Making About Capability Management

2.1 Check Suitability of Capability Management

2.2 Scoping of a Pilot Project

2.3 Establish a Pilot Project Organization

2.4 Train Capability Thinking

2.5 Plan the Capability Management Process in the Pilot Project

2.6 Install Tool Support for Capability Management

3 Project-Based Method Adoption

3.1 Overview of CDD Roles and Method Components

3.2 Project Organization

4 Establishment of CDD in the Regular Organization Structure

4.1 Example Organization

4.2 ``All-Do-Some´´ Philosophy

4.3 ``Some-Do-All´´ Philosophy

5 Summary and Conclusions

References

Part III: Application Cases of Capability Management

Chapter 13: Capability-Driven Business Process Outsourcing in Utility Industries

1 Introduction

2 Industrial Case Description

2.1 Business Architecture

2.2 Data Structures

3 CDD-Based Solution Design

3.1 Business Architecture

3.2 Data Structures

3.2.1 Contract

3.2.2 Process Models

3.3 Modelling the ``Dynamic BSP Support´´ Capability

3.3.1 Defining the Business Context

3.4 Deploying the Capability

4 Evaluating the CDD Methodology and Environment

4.1 Goal-Based Validation

4.2 CDD Methodology Validation

4.3 CDD Environment Validation

5 Experiences with the CDD Methodology

6 Summary and Conclusion

References

Chapter 14: Context-Aware e-Government

1 Introduction

2 Use Case Description

2.1 SOA Use Case Architecture

2.2 Use Case Concepts, Goals, and KPIs

2.2.1 Concepts Model

2.2.2 Goal Model

2.2.3 Key Performance Indicators

2.3 Capabilities

2.3.1 Capability 1: Dynamic Service Registration Capability

2.3.2 Capability 2: Service Promotion Capability

2.3.3 Capability 3: Automatic Maintenance Mode Capability

3 CDD-Based Solution Design

3.1 Business Processes

3.1.1 Service Promotion Process Model

3.2 Context Model

3.2.1 Find Variations

VP1: Monitor Context Data and Predict Context Data

VP2: Service Highlighting Ability

VP3: Check the Number of Highlighting Spaces in the Municipality´s Home Page

VP4: Calculate Similar Municipalities

VP5: Need to Promote a Service

VP6: Check Availability of Services in the Municipality´s Home Page

VP7: To Decide Whether to Not Promote the Service or to Uncategorize a Service

VP8: To Decide Whether or Not to Inform Other Municipalities About a Service Promoted

VP9: Automatic Mailing Procedure

3.2.2 Design Context Elements

3.2.3 Define Context Set

3.3 Context Influence on Existing Processes

4 Evaluating the CDD Methodology and Environment

4.1 Use Case Lessons Learned

4.1.1 Dynamic Service Registration Capability

4.1.2 Service Promotion Capability

4.2 CDD Methodology Validation

4.3 CDD Environment Validation

4.3.1 Capability Design Tool Evaluation Results

Strong Points

Points of Improvement

4.3.2 Capability Navigation Application Evaluation Results

Strong Points

Points of Improvement

4.3.3 Context Platform Evaluation Results

Strong Points

Points of Improvement

5 Summary and Conclusions

References

Chapter 15: The Case of Industrial Symbiosis

1 Introduction

2 Overall Description of the Business Setting

3 Use Case Application Description

3.1 Introduction to Industrial Symbiosis

3.1.1 Key Phases of `Virtual´ Industrial Symbiosis

3.1.2 Stakeholders of Industrial Symbiosis

3.1.3 Primary Goals of Industrial Symbiosis

3.1.4 Types of Transactions

3.1.5 Types of Context Elements Affecting the Industrial Symbiosis

Location

Type of Resources

Legislation

3.2 Industrial Symbiosis Platform of CLMS

3.2.1 Description of i-Symbiosis Functionality

3.2.2 i-Symbiosis Business Capability

3.2.3 Goals for General Platform Improvements

3.2.4 Design Architecture

Architectural Patterns

Delivering the i-Symbiosis Platform Process

Description of Capability Delivery Workflow

3.3 Capturing Variation Points

4 Capability Model and Context

4.1 Capability Model

4.2 Automated Adjustments Regarding the Location Context

4.3 Capability: Determine Relevance Rating

4.3.1 Alternative 1: Using the Availability of Delivery Methods

4.3.2 Alternative 2: Using the Location and Automatic Adjustment

5 Summary

References

Chapter 16: Capability Support for Entrepreneurial Ventures

1 Introduction

2 Evolution of LightCDD

3 Specification of the LightCDD Method

3.1 Method Purpose

3.2 Overall Method Structure

4 Discussion and Further Work

References

Part IV: Business Impact of Capability Management

Chapter 17: The Capability Management Perspective on the Enterprise Architecture: A Consideration for Rapidly Changing Market ...

1 Origins of Enterprise Architecture

2 Zachman´s Framework

2.1 Strategy Included in the Framework

2.2 Limitations of the Framework

3 Resource-Based View

4 Enterprise Architecture Planning

5 Basics of Capabilities Management

6 Enterprise Architecture Schools of Thought

7 Military Frameworks for Enterprise Architecture

8 Open Group Architecture Framework

9 Two-Speed Frameworks for Fast-Changing Environments

10 Office Scenario

11 Recommendations

References

Chapter 18: Value of Context-Awareness in Business Services

1 Introduction

2 Value Perspectives

2.1 Established Value Perspectives

2.2 Value from a Service-Centric Perspective

3 Context-Aware Value

3.1 Characteristics of Business Services

3.2 Context Factors of Business Services

4 Approach for Value Determination

5 Exemplary Application

6 Summary and Outlook

References

Chapter 19: IT Value of Capabilities: Experiences from a Case in Business Process Outsourcing

1 Introduction

2 How to Determine the IT Business Value?

2.1 General Approaches

2.2 Business Value of IT from Organizational Transformation Perspective

2.3 How Business Value of IT Was Investigated in the Application Case

3 An Illustrative Application Case

3.1 Business Process Outsourcing Scenario

3.2 Business Process Without Support of CM

4 Introducing CM to the Application Case

4.1 Context Model and Clearing Center

4.2 Business Process with CDD Support

5 Business Value of CM

6 Summary

References

Chapter 20: CDD Exploitation Lines

1 Introduction

2 Selection of Exploitation Lines

2.1 Evaluation Phase

2.2 Definition of Exploitation Lines Phase

2.3 Business Planning Phase

3 Exploitation Lines

3.1 Line 1: Consultancy Services

3.2 Line 2: Promoting Capability-Oriented Thinking and Vision

3.3 Line 3: CDD Environment as a Service

3.4 Line 4: CDD Environment Distributors

3.5 Line 5: Support and Maintenance Services

4 Alignment with Existing Standards and Tools

4.1 Effects on Line 1 (Consultancy Services and Standards)

4.2 Effects on Line 2 (Promoting Capability-Oriented Thinking and Vision and Standards)

4.3 Effects on Line 3 (CDD Environment as a Service and Standards)

4.4 Effects on Line 4 (CDD Environment Distributors and Standards)

4.5 Effects on Line 5 (Support and Maintenance Services and Standards)

5 Summary

References

Chapter 21: Future of Capability Management

1 Introduction

2 Supporting Cyber Resilience for Digital Enterprises

2.1 The Emerging Need for Cyber Resilience

2.2 An Outlook on a Capability-Based Support for Cyber Resilience

3 Capability Support for Digital Transformation

3.1 The Emerging Need for Digital Transformation Management

3.2 An Outlook on Capability Management for Digital Transformation

4 Capability Support for Big Data Management

4.1 The Emerging Need for Big Data Management

4.2 An Outlook on Capability-Based Support for Big Data Management

5 Continuous Development with CDD

6 Conclusion

References